陣列是可以在二維及以上儲存資料的R資料物件。 例如 - 如果建立一個維陣列(2,3,4)，那麼它將建立4個矩形矩陣，每個矩陣具有2行和3列。陣列只能儲存資料型別。
陣列可通過使用array()函式來建立。 它將向量作為輸入，並使用dim引數中的值來建立陣列。
以下範例建立兩個3x3矩陣的陣列，每個矩陣具有3行和3列。
# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
print(result)
當我們執行上述程式碼時，會產生以下結果 -
, , 1
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 5 10 13
[2,] 9 11 14
[3,] 3 12 15
, , 2
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 5 10 13
[2,] 9 11 14
[3,] 3 12 15
可以使用dimnames引數為陣列中的行，列和矩陣命名。
# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")
# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,column.names,
matrix.names))
print(result)
當我們執行上述程式碼時，會產生以下結果 -
, , Matrix1
COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1 5 10 13
ROW2 9 11 14
ROW3 3 12 15
, , Matrix2
COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1 5 10 13
ROW2 9 11 14
ROW3 3 12 15
有關如何存取陣列元素，請參考以下程式碼實現 -
# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")
# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,
column.names, matrix.names))
# Print the third row of the second matrix of the array.
print(result[3,,2])
# Print the element in the 1st row and 3rd column of the 1st matrix.
print(result[1,3,1])
# Print the 2nd Matrix.
print(result[,,2])
當我們執行上述程式碼時，會產生以下結果 -
COL1 COL2 COL3
3 12 15
[1] 13
COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1 5 10 13
ROW2 9 11 14
ROW3 3 12 15
由於陣列是由多個維度組成的矩陣，通過存取矩陣的元素來執行陣列元素的相關操作。
# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
# Take these vectors as input to the array.
array1 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector3 <- c(9,1,0)
vector4 <- c(6,0,11,3,14,1,2,6,9)
array2 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
# create matrices from these arrays.
matrix1 <- array1[,,2]
matrix2 <- array2[,,2]
# Add the matrices.
result <- matrix1+matrix2
print(result)
當我們執行上述程式碼時，會產生以下結果 -
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 10 20 26
[2,] 18 22 28
[3,] 6 24 30
我們可以使用apply()函式對陣列中的元素進行計算。
語法
apply(x, margin, fun)
以下是使用的引數的描述 -
例子
使用下面的apply()函式來計算所有矩陣中陣列的行中的元素的總和。
# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
# Take these vectors as input to the array.
new.array <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
print(new.array)
# Use apply to calculate the sum of the rows across all the matrices.
result <- apply(new.array, c(1), sum)
print(result)
當我們執行上述程式碼時，會產生以下結果 -
, , 1
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 5 10 13
[2,] 9 11 14
[3,] 3 12 15
, , 2
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 5 10 13
[2,] 9 11 14
[3,] 3 12 15
[1] 56 68 60